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Tailoring the Piezoelectric and Relaxor Properties of ( Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ) TiO 3 – BaTiO 3 via Zirconium Doping
Author(s) -
Glaum Julia,
Simons Hugh,
Acosta Matias,
Hoffman Mark
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.12405
Subject(s) - materials science , tetragonal crystal system , ferroelectricity , piezoelectricity , hysteresis , neutron diffraction , piezoelectric coefficient , zirconium , doping , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystallography , mineralogy , crystal structure , condensed matter physics , dielectric , chemistry , composite material , physics , optoelectronics , chromatography , metallurgy
This article details the influence of zirconium doping on the piezoelectric properties and relaxor characteristics of 94( Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ) TiO 3 –6 Ba ( Zr x Ti 1− x ) O 3 ( BNT –6 BZT ) bulk ceramics. Neutron diffraction measurements of BNT –6 BZT doped with 0%–15% Zr revealed an electric‐field‐induced transition of the average crystal structure from pseudo‐cubic to rhombohedral/tetragonal symmetries across the entire compositional range. The addition of Zr up to 10% stabilizes this transition, resulting in saturated polarization hysteresis loops with a maximum polarization of 40 μC/cm 2 at 5.5 kV /mm, while corresponding strain hysteresis measurements yield a maximum strain of 0.3%. With further Zr addition, the ferroelectric order is progressively destabilized and typical relaxor characteristics such as double peaks in the current density loops are observed. In the strain hysteresis, this destabilization leads to an increase of the maximum strain by 0.05%. These changes to the physical behavior caused by Zr addition are consistent with a reduction of the transition temperature T F‐R , above which the field‐induced transformation from the relaxor to ferroelectric state becomes reversible.