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Effect of Phosphorus Nutrition on Growth and Physiology of Cotton Under Ambient and Elevated Carbon Dioxide
Author(s) -
Singh S. K.,
Badgujar G. B.,
Reddy V. R.,
Fleisher D. H.,
Timlin D. J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of agronomy and crop science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.095
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1439-037X
pISSN - 0931-2250
DOI - 10.1111/jac.12033
Subject(s) - photosynthesis , carbon dioxide , phosphorus , stomatal conductance , phosphate , phosphorus deficiency , biomass (ecology) , chemistry , arable land , agronomy , zoology , plant physiology , nitrogen , horticulture , biology , botany , ecology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , agriculture
Phosphorous deficiency in soil limits crop growth and productivity in the majority of arable lands worldwide and may moderate the growth enhancement effect of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration. To evaluate the interactive effect of these two factors on cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ) growth and physiology, plants were grown in controlled environment growth chambers with three levels of phosphate (Pi) supply (0.20, 0.05 and 0.01 m m ) under ambient and elevated (400 and 800 μmol mol −1 , respectively) CO 2 . Phosphate stress caused stunted growth and resulted in early leaf senescence with severely decreased leaf area and photosynthesis. Phosphate stress led to over 77 % reduction in total biomass across CO 2 levels. There was a below‐ground (roots) shift in biomass partitioning under Pi deficiency. While tissue phosphorus (P) decreased, tissue nitrogen (N) content tended to increase under Pi deficiency. The CO 2 × Pi interactions were significant on leaf area, photosynthesis and biomass accumulation. The stimulatory effect of elevated CO 2 on growth and photosynthesis was reduced or highly depressed suggesting an increased sensitivity of cotton to Pi deficiency under elevated CO 2 . Although, tissue P and stomatal conductance were lower at elevated CO 2 , these did not appear to be the main causes of cotton unresponsiveness to elevated CO 2 under severe Pi‐stress. The alteration in the uptake and utilization of N was suggested due to a consistent reduction (18–21 %) in the cotton plant tissue N content under elevated CO 2 .