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Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity in US males and females, age 8–15 years: N ational H ealth and N utrition E xamination S urvey 2001–2004
Author(s) -
Byrd H. C. M.,
Curtin C.,
Anderson S. E.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
pediatric obesity
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.226
H-Index - 69
eISSN - 2047-6310
pISSN - 2047-6302
DOI - 10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00124.x
Subject(s) - medicine , obesity , odds ratio , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , confidence interval , body mass index , percentile , logistic regression , demography , odds , affect (linguistics) , gerontology , psychiatry , psychology , statistics , mathematics , sociology , communication
SummaryWhat is already known about this subject Youth with ADHD may be at increased risk for obesity. Medications used to treat ADHD can affect weight. Few studies have investigated possible gender differences in associations between ADHD and obesity.What this study adds Nationally representative of US youth aged 8–15 years. Height and weight were measured, and ADHD assessed by structured diagnostic interview and parent report. Associations between ADHD and obesity are reported for males and females to enable gender comparisons.Objective To investigate how associations between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ( ADHD ) and obesity differ by gender and medication use in a nationally representative sample of US youth in which height and weight were measured. Methods Youth age 8–15 ( n = 3050) studied in the N ational H ealth and N utrition E xamination S urvey 2001–2004. Obesity was defined as ≥95th percentile of US body mass index‐for‐age reference. ADHD was determined by asking parents if child had been diagnosed and using the D iagnostic I nterview S chedule for C hildren IV . Gender‐stratified multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds of obesity for youth with ADHD (medicated and unmedicated) relative to youth without ADHD . Results Males with ADHD who were medicated had lower odds of obesity compared to males without ADHD (adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] = 0.42, 95% confidence interval [ CI ] = 0.23–0.78). Unmedicated males with ADHD were as likely as males without ADHD to be obese (adjusted OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.43–2.42). The odds of obesity for females taking medication for ADHD did not differ statistically from those of females without ADHD (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 0.52–2.81). Females with ADHD not taking medication had odds of obesity 1.54 times those of females without ADHD ; however, the 95% CI (0.79–2.98) was wide and not statistically significant at α = 0.05. Conclusions Associations between ADHD and obesity are influenced by treatment of ADHD with medication and may differ by gender. Youth with ADHD who are not treated with medication are as or more likely than youth without ADHD to be obese.