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Components of conscious awareness in a long‐term modality effect
Author(s) -
Gregg Ver H.,
Gardiner John M.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
british journal of psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.536
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 2044-8295
pISSN - 0007-1269
DOI - 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1991.tb02390.x
Subject(s) - psychology , modality (human–computer interaction) , cognitive psychology , long term memory , term (time) , episodic memory , test (biology) , declarative memory , word (group theory) , developmental psychology , memory test , audiology , cognition , communication , linguistics , neuroscience , medicine , paleontology , philosophy , physics , human–computer interaction , quantum mechanics , computer science , biology
The advantage in long‐term recognition memory of words vocalized at study over those read silently was investigated by requiring subjects to indicate when recognizing a word whether or not they could consciously recollect its prior occurrence. The advantage for vocalization occurred only for words which subjects indicated were accompanied by recollective experience, and the results were not affected by whether subjects vocalized the test words or read them silently. It is concluded that this modality effect, and possibly other similar ones, originate in episodic memory and not in a procedural or ‘quasimemory’ system. Differences between the present results and those obtained elsewhere using intentional learning instructions are discussed.