Premium
Predicting having condoms available among adolescents: The role of personal norm and enjoyment
Author(s) -
Jellema Ilke J.,
Abraham Charles,
Schaalma Herman P.,
Gebhardt Winifred A.,
Empelen Pepijn
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
british journal of health psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 2044-8287
pISSN - 1359-107X
DOI - 10.1111/j.2044-8287.2012.02088.x
Subject(s) - theory of planned behavior , condom , psychology , moderation , norm (philosophy) , social psychology , multilevel model , social norms approach , context (archaeology) , descriptive statistics , explained variation , self efficacy , developmental psychology , control (management) , medicine , statistics , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , family medicine , paleontology , perception , management , mathematics , syphilis , neuroscience , political science , law , economics , biology
Objectives Having condoms available has been shown to be an important predictor of condom use. We examined whether or not personal norm and goal enjoyment contribute to predicting having condoms available in the context of cognition specified by the theory of planned behaviour ( TPB ). Design Prospective survey study, with a baseline and follow‐up measurement (at 3 months). Methods Data were gathered using an online survey. In total 282 adolescents (mean age = 15.6, 74% female adolescents) completed both questionnaires. At baseline, demographics, sexual experience, condom use, TPB variables, descriptive norm, personal norm, and enjoyment towards having condoms available were measured. At T2 (3 months later) having condoms available was measured. Direct and moderating effects of personal norm and goal enjoyment were examined by means of hierarchical linear regression analyses. Results Regression analyses yielded a direct effect of self‐efficacy and personal norm on condom availability. In addition, moderation of the intention‐behaviour relation by goal enjoyment added to the variance explained. The final model explained approximately 35% of the variance in condom availability. Conclusions Personal norm and goal enjoyment add to the predictive utility of a TPB model of having condoms available and may be useful intervention targets. Statement of contribution What is already known about this subject?Having condoms available is an important prerequisite for actual condom use. The theory of planned behaviour has successfully been applied to explain condom availability behaviour. The theory of planned behaviour has been criticized for not adequately taking into account affective motivation.What does this study add?Personal norm and goal enjoyment add to the predictive utility of the model. Personal norm explains condom availability directly, enjoyment increases intention enactment. Personal norm and goal enjoyment therefore are useful intervention targets.