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Urinary excretion of dietary contaminants in horses
Author(s) -
RESPONDEK F.,
LALLEMAND A.,
JULLIAND V.,
BONNAIRE Y.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05623.x
Subject(s) - urine , theophylline , theobromine , dose , caffeine , horse , excretion , morphine , atropine , urinary system , chemistry , pharmacology , medicine , zoology , biology , paleontology
Summary Reasons for performing study: Presence of drugs is completely prohibited in post racing urine samples by most of racing and competition authorities, even if environmental contamination might occur . Objectives: To assess the daily dose of several contaminants absorbed through the diet that would result in detectable concentrations in urine . Methods: Caffeine, theobromine, theophylline, atropine, scopolamine, bufotenine, DMT or morphine were administered orally to 6 horses, in different dosages, for 3 days before their urine was sampled for regular anti‐doping tests . Results: Theobromine, theophylline, bufotenine and morphine daily intake >10 mg, 2 mg, 10 mg and 200 μg, respectively, by a performance horse, were found to result in detectable urinary concentrations. At the 2 tested doses, atropine (5 and 15 mg) and dimethyltryptamine (3 and 10 mg) were not detected in urine. For caffeine and scopolamine, even the lowest dosage tested (5 mg/horse/day and 2 mg/horse/day respectively) induced detectable concentrations of the molecule in urine . Conclusions: Horses fed dietary contaminants, even at level much below the effective dosage, may be positive to anti‐doping urine analysis. Further research is needed to gain more confident results on a daily safe intake for caffeine and scopolamine . Potential relevance: Selection of feed materials appears to be of great importance to prevent non voluntary positive result to anti‐doping tests .