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Measurement of cardiac dimensions with two‐dimensional echocardiography in the living horse
Author(s) -
VOROS K.,
HOLMES J. R.,
GIBBS C.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1991.tb03762.x
Subject(s) - ventricle , medicine , cardiology , diastole , systole , cardiac cycle , body weight , blood pressure
Summary Two‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE) was performed on 22 unsedated Thoroughbred and part Thoroughbred horses weighing between 411 and 650 kg to establish normal reference values for 2DE measurements. Animals stood during examinations performed with a 3.5 MHz mechanical sector transducer using various transducer positions and tomographic planes. Right ventricular diameter (RVD), ventricular septal thickness (VSTh), aortic diameter (AoD), area of the chordal lumen of the left ventricle (CTA), left ventricular diameter (LVD) and left atrial diameter (LAD) were determined at ventricular end‐diastole (Ed) and/or end‐systole (Es). Fractional shortening (FS) of the left ventricle and end‐systolic left atrial to aortic ratio (LADEs: AoD‐Es) also were calculated. Echocardiographic data were related to body weight by linear regression analysis. Intra‐observer variability was checked in five horses by measuring each parameter during each of 10 consecutive cardiac cycles. The 2DE data were compared with M‐mode values in published reports. In the 18 horses whose weight did not exceed 551 kg, repeatable recordings of good quality were obtained, and 2DE measurements could be made using intra‐cardiac reference points. Increasing body weight proved to impose substantial limitations on measurements taken with the available machine and transducer. This problem might be overcome by using probes of lower frequency or equipment with higher quality image display at greater depth. The following parameters correlated significantly to body weight: VSTh‐Es (r = 0.69; P<0.01). AoD‐Es (r = 0.64; P<0.01) and CTA‐Es (r = 0.84; P<0.001). However, technical limitations prevented determination of the relationship between bodyweight and CTA‐Ed and LVD‐Ed. For each parameter, good reproducibility of values was found because the mean coefficient of variation (CV) varied between 2.6 and 7.2. In this study, 2DE provided reliable qualitative and quantitative assessment of cardiac anatomy and function, but its limitations also must be considered and it should be used in conjunction with other clinical procedures.