Open AccessBlood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Urinary Catecholamines in Healthy Dogs Subjected to Different Clinical Settings
Author(s) -
Höglund K.,
Hanås S.,
Carnabuci C.,
Ljungvall I.,
Tidholm A.,
Häggström J.
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.00999.x
Subject(s) - medicine , creatinine , blood pressure , urinary system , heart rate , urine , breed , catecholamine , epinephrine , norepinephrine , diastole , urology , zoology , biology , dopamine
Background Correct interpretation of blood pressure ( BP ) and heart rate ( HR ) recordings is important in a clinical environment, but little is known about effects of stress on BP and HR responses of dogs to different clinical settings. Objective To investigate BP and HR responses in different clinical settings in dogs of 3 breeds, and to relate findings to urinary catecholamine concentrations measured by ELISA assays previously validated for use in human plasma and urine, after validation for use in dogs. Animals Client‐owned healthy dogs; 41 Labrador Retrievers, 33 Cavalier King Charles Spaniels ( CKCS ), and 15 Dachshunds. Methods Prospective observational study. BP and HR were measured in 4 clinical settings with or without veterinarian and owner present. Urine samples were taken before and after examination. ELISA assays were validated for canine urine, and epinephrine/creatinine and norepinephrine/creatinine ratios were analyzed. Results BP and HR were higher when measured by veterinarian alone than when owner was present ( P < .020). Urinary catecholamine/creatinine ratios were higher after examination, compared with before, in all dogs ( P < .0001). Labrador Retrievers had lower diastolic BP than Dachshunds in 2 settings ( P ≤ .041), lower HR than CKCS s in 3 settings (all P < .0001), and lower catecholamine/creatinine ratios after examination than both other breeds ( P ≤ .035). The in‐house validation showed mean spiked recovery of 96.5% for epinephrine and 83.8% for norepinephrine. Conclusions and Clinical Importance BP and HR responses were related to breed as well as clinical setting. Breed differences were detected in urinary catecholamine/creatinine ratios. Further studies on breed differences are warranted.