Open AccessSpongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia in Malinois Puppies: A Hereditary Autosomal Recessive Disorder?
Author(s) -
Kleiter M.,
Högler S.,
Kneissl S.,
Url A.,
Leschnik M.
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0720.x
Subject(s) - cerebellum , ataxia , pathology , cerebellar ataxia , medicine , degeneration (medical) , cerebellar degeneration , purkinje cell , cerebellar cortex , white matter , granular layer , histopathology , degenerative disorder , anatomy , magnetic resonance imaging , disease , psychiatry , radiology
Background: There is a high incidence of hereditary degenerative diseases of the central nervous system in purebred dogs. Hypothesis: Cerebellar ataxia in Malinois puppies, caused by degenerative changes that predominate in cerebellar nuclei and the granular cell layer, is a hereditary disorder that is distinct from cerebellar cortical abiotrophies. Animals: Thirteen Malinois puppies with cerebellar ataxia. Methods: Retrospective study. Records of Malinois puppies with spongy degeneration of the cerebellar nuclei were analyzed including clinical signs, histopathological changes, and pedigree data. Results: Signs of cerebellar dysfunction were observed in puppies of both sexes from 5 different litters (1995–2009) of phenotypically normal parents. Clinical signs started before the age of 2 months and resulted in euthanasia of all puppies by the age of 13 weeks. Histopathology disclosed marked bilateral spongy degeneration of the cerebellar nuclei and vacuoles in the granular cell layer and foliate white matter of the cerebellum. In some puppies, discrete vacuoles in gray and white matter were present in other parts of the brain. Furthermore, spheroids and dilated myelin sheaths were observed. Pedigree data and segregation frequency support an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Malinois suffer from a hereditary spongiform degeneration that predominates in the cerebellum and causes an early onset of clinical signs with unfavorable prognosis. Future efforts should increase awareness among veterinarians and breeders and aim to identify underlying metabolic mechanisms and the affected genes.