Open AccessDual‐Chamber Pacemaker Implantation via the Cephalic Vein in Healthy Equids
Author(s) -
Loon G.,
Fonteyne W.,
Rottiers H.,
Tavernier R.,
Jordaens L.,
D'Hont L.,
Colpaert R.,
Clercq T.,
Deprez P.
Publication year - 2001
Publication title -
journal of veterinary internal medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.356
H-Index - 103
eISSN - 1939-1676
pISSN - 0891-6640
DOI - 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2001.tb01592.x
Subject(s) - medicine , ventricle , cephalic vein , lead (geology) , atrium (architecture) , cardiology , implant , ventricular pacing , vein , anesthesia , surgery , atrial fibrillation , heart failure , geomorphology , geology
The purpose of the present study was to develop a feasible and safe technique for dual‐chamber pacemaker implantation in healthy horses. Implantation was performed in a standing, tranquilized horse and in ponies. Atrial and ventricular leads were transvenously inserted through the cephalic vein, and a subcutaneous pacemaker pocket was created between the lateral pectoral groove and the manubrium sterni in 6 equids. Positioning of each lead was guided by echocardiography and by measuring the electrical characteristics of the lead. The implantation procedure lasted about 4 hours in each animal and was well tolerated. In all animals, dualchamber pacemaker function was obtained, and these results remained good throughout the follow‐up period. At the time of implantation, atrial and ventricular sensing were between 2.1 and 7.2 mV and 7.8 and 16.8 mV, respectively, and atrial and ventricular pacing thresholds at 0.5 millisecond varied from 0.5 to 0.7 V and from 0.3 to 1.0 V, respectively. Six months after the implantation, sensing values varied from 2 to 10 mV for the atrial lead and from 2 to 16 mV for the ventricular lead, while pacing thresholds at 0.5 millisecond varied from less than 0.5 to 2.5 V for the right atrium and from less than 0.5 to 5.0 V for the right ventricle. Atrial lead dislodgment occurred in 2 animals, requiring insertion of a new lead. Ventricular lead dislodgment was not observed.