Open AccessAdvancing Agricultural Water Security and Resilience Under Nonstationarity and Uncertainty: Evolving Roles of Blue, Green, and Grey Water
Author(s) -
Rees Paula L.S.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of contemporary water research and education
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1936-704X
pISSN - 1936-7031
DOI - 10.1111/j.1936-704x.2018.03288.x
Subject(s) - resilience (materials science) , agriculture , water security , environmental science , environmental resource management , water resource management , natural resource economics , geography , water resources , economics , ecology , biology , physics , archaeology , thermodynamics
estimates that today nearly 821 million people (~10.9%) are undernourished, and in Sub-Saharan Africa 29.5 to 48.5% of the population, depending on region, faced severe food insecurity from 20142017 (FAO et al. 2018). The most critical food shortages tend to correspond with areas under water stress, and the poor are most susceptible (FAO et al. 2018). Meeting the nutritional and caloric needs of the world population will require a combination of increased food production, food waste reduction, and improved food storage and delivery infrastructure systems. Effective management of water resources will be key to success. In 2004, Falkenmark and Rockström introduced the green-blue water paradigm, which has since gained widespread acceptance in the international and U.S. water management communities. This framework has been expanded to include reclaimed and/or grey water (Dobrowolski et al. 2008; Waskom and Kallenger 2009). Blue water is the water storage in streams, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, snowpack, and saturated groundwater. Green water is soil moisture in the unsaturated zone. Grey water is classically defined as wastewater from domestic activities such as laundry, dishwashing, and bathing which can be recycled and used, but of greater significance in terms of volume is reclaimed water from municipal wastewater. Reclaimed water