What Mary Did Yesterday: Reflections on Knowledge‐ wh

Reductionists about knowledge‐ wh hold that “ s knows‐ wh ” (e.g. “John knows who stole his car”) is reducible to “there is a proposition p such that s knows that p , and p answers the indirect question of the wh ‐clause.” Anti‐reductionists hold that “ s knows‐ wh ” is reducible to “ s knows that p , as the true answer to the indirect question of the wh ‐clause.” I argue that both of these positions are defective. I then offer a new analysis of knowledge‐ wh as a special kind of de re knowledge.