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Upregulation of IL ‐17 A , CXCL 9 and CXCL 10 in Early‐Stage Granulomas Induced by M ycobacterium bovis in Cattle
Author(s) -
ArandayCortes E.,
Bull N. C.,
VillarrealRamos B.,
Gough J.,
Hicks D.,
OrtizPeláez Á.,
Vordermeier H. M.,
Salguero F. J.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
transboundary and emerging diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.392
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1865-1682
pISSN - 1865-1674
DOI - 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2012.01370.x
Subject(s) - cxcl9 , cxcl10 , chemokine , biology , laser capture microdissection , immunohistochemistry , immune system , immunology , pathology , medicine , gene expression , biochemistry , gene
Summary To gain further insight into the immunopathogenesis of bovine tuberculosis (b TB ), the cytokine and chemokine expression of cattle experimentally infected with M ycobacterium bovis was analysed in TB granulomas, using immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) and laser capture microdissection ( LCM ) followed by q PCR . Immunohistochemistry was conducted for cell types using labelling for CD 68, CD 3, CD 4, CD 8, WC 1 and CD 79a and for the cytokines IFN ‐γ, TNF ‐α and TGF ‐β as well as inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (i NOS ). q PCR was conducted for m RNA expression of IFN ‐γ, TNF ‐α, TGF ‐β, IL ‐17 A , IL ‐22, IL ‐2, granzyme A and the chemokines CXCL 9 and CXCL 10. Early stages of granuloma were primarily comprised of epithelioid M Φs expressing high levels of IFN ‐γ and i NOS , with significantly upregulated expression of CXCL 9 and CXCL 10 when compared with control tissue. These chemokines displayed a trend of decreasing m RNA expression as lesion progressed, suggesting a higher level of importance during the early stages of the immune response to mycobacterial infection. IL ‐22 levels showed a strong trend of decrease through granuloma development, and IL ‐17 A was shown to be upregulated, supporting its investigation as a potential biomarker of b TB . The use of LCM and q PCR may prove especially useful for the study of IL ‐17 A as previous attempts to analyse its expression using IHC and in situ hybridization proved unsuccessful.