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Recent Spread of a New Strain (A‐Iran‐05) of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus Type A in the Middle East
Author(s) -
Knowles N. J.,
Nazem Shirazi M. H.,
Wadsworth J.,
Swabey K. G.,
Stirling J. M.,
Statham R. J.,
Li Y.,
Hutchings G. H.,
Ferris N. P.,
Parlak Ü.,
Özyörük F.,
Sumption K. J.,
King D. P.,
Paton D. J.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
transboundary and emerging diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.392
H-Index - 63
eISSN - 1865-1682
pISSN - 1865-1674
DOI - 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2009.01074.x
Subject(s) - middle east , foot and mouth disease virus , outbreak , foot and mouth disease , genotype , lineage (genetic) , serotype , geography , virology , veterinary medicine , biology , virus , medicine , genetics , gene , archaeology
Summary This report describes the characterization of a new genotype of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) type A responsible for recent FMD outbreaks in the Middle East. Initially identified in samples collected in 2003 from Iran, during 2005 and 2006 this FMDV lineage (proposed to be named A‐Iran‐05) spread into Saudi Arabia and Jordan and then further west into Turkey reaching European Thrace in January 2007. Most recently A‐Iran‐05 has been found in Bahrain. To the east of Iran, it has been recognized in Afghanistan (2004–07) and Pakistan (2006–07). Throughout the region, this lineage is now the predominant genotype of FMDV serotype A sampled, and has appeared to have replaced the A‐Iran‐96 and A‐Iran‐99 strains which were previously encountered. In August 2007, a new A‐Iran‐05 sub‐lineage (which we have called A‐Iran‐05 ARD‐07 ) was identified in Ardahan, Turkey, close to the border with Georgia. This new sub‐lineage appeared to predominate in Turkey in 2008, but has, so far, not been identified in any other country. Vaccine matching tests revealed that the A‐Iran‐05 viruses are antigenically different to A‐Iran‐96 and more like A 22 . These findings emphasize the importance of undertaking continued surveillance in the Middle East and Central Asia in order to detect and monitor the emergence and spread of new FMDV strains.