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Role of the NSs Protein in the Zoonotic Capacity of Orthobunyaviruses
Author(s) -
Hart T. J.,
Kohl A.,
Elliott R. M.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
zoonoses and public health
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.87
H-Index - 65
eISSN - 1863-2378
pISSN - 1863-1959
DOI - 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01166.x
Subject(s) - orthobunyavirus , bunyaviridae , biology , virology , phlebovirus , virus , rna , gene , genetics
Summary The family Bunyaviridae contains over 350 named isolates, classified into five genera: Orthobunyavirus , Hantavirus , Nairovirus , Phlebovirus and Tospovirus . The Orthobunyavirus genus contains some 170 isolates that are mainly transmitted by mosquitoes and are responsible for a range of disease syndromes in humans including self‐limiting febrile illness, encephalitis and haemorrhagic fever. The viruses have a tripartite, negative‐sense RNA genome. Analyses of viruses in four serogroups (Bunyamwera, California, Group C and Simbu) showed that the smallest (S) RNA segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein (N) and a non‐structural protein called (NSs). The NSs protein of Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) has been shown to play a role in shut‐off of host cell protein synthesis in mammalian cells, but no protein shut‐off is observed in BUNV‐infected mosquito cells ( Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells). Protein shut‐off in infected mammalian cells is achieved by global inhibition of RNA polymerase II‐mediated transcription and enables the virus to overcome the host innate immune response. As innate defence mechanisms constitute a significant barrier to virus infection of different hosts, NSs would appear to play a key role in determining the zoonotic capacity of orthobunyaviruses.