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Patterns of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism among an E gyptian cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Author(s) -
Ahmed Afaf Z.,
ElShahaly Hassan A.,
Omar Aziza S.,
Ghattas Maivel H.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
international journal of rheumatic diseases
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.795
H-Index - 41
eISSN - 1756-185X
pISSN - 1756-1841
DOI - 10.1111/j.1756-185x.2012.01820.x
Subject(s) - medicine , genotype , rheumatoid arthritis , gastroenterology , angiotensin converting enzyme , allele , polymorphism (computer science) , genotype frequency , immunology , endocrinology , gene , genetics , biology , blood pressure
Aim This case control study was designed to determine the patterns of angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion ( ACE I / D ) gene polymorphism in rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) patients and healthy controls. Methods The study population was divided into two groups: the study group included 66 RA patients diagnosed according to the A merican C ollege of R heumatology ( ACR ) classification criteria for RA , and the control group included 66 healthy adults who were age‐and sex‐matched to the RA group. All RA patients were assessed by D isease A ctivity Score ( DAS 28), ACR C lassification of G lobal F unctional D isability S tatus and S harp's score as outcome measures. Gene investigations for ACE I / D polymorphism were performed by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) in both groups. Results The ACE I / D polymorphism was the ( D / D ) genotype in 60.6% ( n = 40) of RA patients, the ( I / D ) genotype in 31.8% ( n = 21) and the ( I / I ) genotype in 7.6% ( n = 5). The frequency of ( D ) carriage was significantly higher in the RA cases than in the control group (76.5% vs . 53.8%, respectively, P = 0.0002). ACE D allele carriers were at higher risk of RA , 2.8 times higher than ( I ) carriers and those who had the homozygote ( DD ) genotype had 5.6 times the possibility of having RA . No correlations were observed between the homozygote ( DD ) genotype and disease activity or severity in RA patients. Conclusions Our study suggests that high frequency of the ACE D allele contributes to the heritability of RA susceptibility compared to other ACE alleles. On the other hand, no association was detected between ACE I / D polymorphism and the severity of RA .