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Neuroprotective effect of anthocyanin oligomers demonstrated by ischemic insults and lipid peroxidation
Author(s) -
Kim Suah
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2020.0054
Subject(s) - anthocyanin , lipid peroxidation , neuroprotection , retina , ischemia , lipid peroxide , retinal , pharmacology , reactive oxygen species , biochemistry , reperfusion injury , chemistry , hydrogen peroxide , antioxidant , choline acetyltransferase , medicine , biology , acetylcholine , food science , neuroscience
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the flavonoid, anthocyanin oligomers is effective at blunting the negative influence of ischemia/reperfusion to the rat retina in situ and of various insults to a retinal precursor cells (R28) in culture. Methods R28 in culture were given one of three different insults, light (1000 lux for 2 days), hydrogen peroxide (200 µM H 2 O 2 for 24 hours) or serum deprivation (48 hours). Cell survival and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation were assayed. Lipid peroxidation assay was used to compare the antioxidant capacity of anthocyanin oligomers. In animal studies, anthocyanin oligomers were administered intraperitoneally just before and after an ischemic insult, and ischemia was delivered by raising the intraocular pressure above the systolic blood pressure(50 min). Retinas were analysed for the localisation of various antigens, and retinal extracts were also analysed for various mRNAs. Results Ischemia/reperfusion to the retina affected the localisation of Thy‐1 and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and the content of various proteins (optic nerve and retina) and mRNAs (retina). Importantly, anthocyanin Oligomers statistically blunted most of the effects induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Only the increase in caspase‐8 caused by ischemia/reperfusion was unaffected by anthocyanin oligomers treatment. Anthocyanin oligomers also attenuated significantly the negative insult of light, hydrogen peroxide and serum withdrawal to R28 cells. In the lipid peroxidation studies, anthocyanin oligomers was also found to be equally effective as EGCG to act as an antioxidant. Significantly, the negative insult of serum withdrawal on R28 cell survival was blunted by anthocyanin oligomers but not by EGCG revealing the different properties of the two flavonoids. Conclusions Our results demonstrates the powerful antioxidant characteristics of anthocyanin oligomers. Together with anti‐apoptotic effects of anthocyanin oligomers suggest its potential use for the treatment of various ocular diseases such as glaucoma, where oxidative stress has been suggested to be involved in many aspects of pathogenesis.