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Definition and diagnosis of Dry Eye Disease (DED)
Author(s) -
Messmer Elisabeth M.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2019.8101
Subject(s) - meibomian gland , medicine , ophthalmology , disease , etiology , osmotic concentration , homeostasis , tears , pathology , surgery , eyelid
According to the Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) II report, Dry eye is defined as ‘a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterized by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles’. Diagnosing DED includes triaging questions, an analysis of risk factors, symptom evaluation using questionnaires, and diagnostic testing for homeostasis markers. These include non‐invasive tear film break up time for tear film stability, tear film osmolarity and ocular surface staining. For specific treatment recommendations, hyperevaporative DED and aqueous deficient DED must be differentiated by meibomian gland and tear lipid evaluation as well as tear volume assessment.