Anti‐AQP4 and anti‐MOG optic neuropathies

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that preferentially targets the optic nerve and the spinal cord. Due to the significant risk of permanent visual and neurological impairment in NMO, rapid diagnosis and the prompt initiation of the most appropriate treatment are essential. Antibodies against the aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) water channel and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) have been identified in patients with NMO phenotypes. In this presentation, the clinical and neuropathological features of anti‐AQP4 and anti‐MOG optic neuropathies will be reviewed with a critical appraisal of current treatment options.