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Is corneal arcus an independent predictor of incident cardiovascular disease?
Author(s) -
Wong M.,
Man R.,
Gupta P.,
Lim S.H.,
Lim B.,
Sabanayagam C.,
Cheng C.Y.,
Wong T.Y.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2017.0s019
Subject(s) - medicine , confidence interval , odds ratio , logistic regression , diabetes mellitus , angina , cohort , myocardial infarction , demography , endocrinology , sociology
Purpose To examine the longitudinal relationship between baseline corneal arcus ( CA ) and incident CVD in ethnic Indian and Malay adults in Singapore. Methods This was a population‐based cohort study of Malays and Indians aged 40–80 years, with baseline and 6‐year follow‐up visits conducted between 2004–09 and 2010–15, respectively (follow‐up response rate 73.9%). Baseline CA was assessed by ophthalmologists using slit‐lamp biomicroscopy. The main outcome was self‐reported incident CVD , defined as myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed independent associations between baseline CA and incident CVD , adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors including age, gender, cholesterol (total, and HDL cholesterol), hypertension, diabetes and smoking status. We further conducted gender stratified analyses to identify possible effect modifications. Results Of the total 3637 participants (overall mean ( SD ) age; 56 years. (9), 46% male) with available follow‐up data and no baseline history of CVD , 208 (5.72%) incident CVD cases were reported. CA was found to be independently associated with incident CVD (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.52 [1.07–2.16]) in adjusted models. After gender stratification, associations between CA and incident CVD were found only in men (1.73 [1.12–2.67]) and not in women (1.05 [0.56–1.97]). Conclusions CA is associated with incident CVD , independent of traditional CVD risk factors, in ethnic Malay and Indian men. Our finding suggests that male persons with CA should be targeted for CVD risk reduction programs.