Comparative analysis of the morphometric parameters of the macular area of the retina in patients with refractive, axial, mixed and combined tipes of myopia

Purpose Comparing the parameters of the macular area in patients with refractive, axial, mixed and combined myopia. Methods 63 patients (121 eyes) with myopia (−3.20 ± 2.8 D) (20.46 ± 12.13 y.o.) were identified in the groups: refractive (RM) – 28 eyes, combined (CM) – 11 eyes, axial (AM) – 65 eyes and mixed myopia (MM) – 17 eyes. Patients hold: visometry, kerathometry, refraktometry, ultrasonic echobiometry, OCT of the retina and the anterior chamber angle (ACA). Results In patients with MM (242.0 ± 12.4  μ m) macular thickness (MT) was less than in RM group (249.2 ± 9.4  μ m). In AM group the fovea thickness (FT) was (184.44 ± 20.28  μ m) higher (p < 0.01) than in the RM (169.64 ± 20.64  μ m) MM (168.05 ± 19.74  μ m) and CM (172.30 ± 15.2  μ m) droups. Fovea volume (FV) was less (p < 0.01) in the MM group than in patients with AM (6.90 ± 0.34 mm³), RM (7.01 ± 0.26 mm³) and CM (6.91 ± 0.24 mm³). Conclusions 1. Patients with MM had a tendency to decrease MT at 2.5% in comparing to CM and AM and significant reduction at 2.9% compared to the RM (p < 0.05), as well reduction of FV at 10% (p < 0.01) comparing to AM, RM and CM. MM showed the correlation FV with the axial length (AL) ( r  = −0.54, p < 0.026) and refraction ( r  = 0.54, p < 0.024). MM had correlation between corneal thikness and FT ( r  = 0.58, p < 0.014). 2. AM had minimal FT thikner at 11% and FT in the area of 0.6 mm at 8% comparing to the RM (p < 0.01), MM (p < 0.01) and CM (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). 3. RM had tendency of influence of the anterior segment parameters on the macula area – a negative correlation of the width of the ACA ( r  = −0.27, p < 0.16) and the intraocular pressure ( r  = −0.48, p < 0.009) with TF and positive correlation corneal`s curvature with MT ( r  = 0.34, p = 0.07) and FV ( r  = 0.35; p = 0.06).