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Update in graves’ orbitopathy
Author(s) -
Ludgate M.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0232
Subject(s) - adipogenesis , thyrotropin receptor , graves' disease , graves' ophthalmopathy , thyroid , medicine , receptor , endocrinology , immunology , adipose tissue
Summary Thyroid eye disease or Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an autoimmune condition most common in people with hyperthyroid Graves’ disease (GD). GD is caused by thyroid stimulating antibodies which bind the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). The TSHR is probably also implicated in GO since it is expressed in orbital fat, particularly during adipogenesis. GO is the result of tissue remodelling, mainly overproduction of extra‐cellular matrix and excess adipogenesis, which together produce proptosis. In vitro models have increased understanding of the signalling cascades regulating these processes and identified possible novel treatments. However progress in identifying the triggers of the autoimmune response is lacking but a possible role for the microbiome has been proposed. Hopefully recent developments, including a TSHR induced model of GO in mice, will help to address these issues.