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General structure of the retina
Author(s) -
Grzybowski A.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0114
Subject(s) - retina , neuroscience , retinal , intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells , ganglion , biology , anatomy , medicine , ophthalmology , retinal ganglion cell
Summary The invention of the ophthalmoscope in the 19th century led to the development of ophthalmology as a discipline. The retina is an accessible part of the central nervous system and has consequently been studied extensively. There is now a growing use of OCT to obtain information related to brain neurodegenerative disorders like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson diseases as well as migraine. Two aspects of human retinal structure based on physiology and morphology can be distinguished. They are the various retinal layers that consist of either neuron perikarya or neuronal processes. The other, is the distinction between central (macula, fovea) and periphery parts of the retina. Major cell‐types in the retina are pigment epithelial, photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, ganglion and glial cells and an understanding of their roles in healthy and unhealthy retina remains a challenge. Ocular photoreception for example, was thought to be mediated exclusively by rods and cones until the beginning of the 21st century and only recently have photosensitive retinal ganglion cells ( pRGC s) been discovered. The aim is to discuss certain aspects of retinal structure related to function.