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Progressive myopia and their associated pathologies (definitions and therapies)
Author(s) -
MAIER M
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2014.2714.x
Subject(s) - medicine , choroidal neovascularization , ophthalmology , ranibizumab , aflibercept , visual acuity , fundus (uterus) , bevacizumab , maculopathy , optometry , retinopathy , surgery , chemotherapy , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology
Pathological myopia (PM) is a usually progressive eye disease causing significant visual loss. PM predominantly affects younger active employed patients therefore its complications have major individual and sozioeconomic consequences. Common and special myopia associated pathologies will be reviewed and their treatments will be discussed. Progressive chorioretinal distension results in pathognonomic changes at the fundus called “myopic retinopathy”. Myopic conus, posterior staphyloma, rupture of Bruch`s membrane (lacquer cracks), myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), chorioret‐inal atrophy, myopic vitreopathy, myopic traction maculopathy and Fuchs spot repre‐senting the scar stage of myopic CNV can be found. Myopic choroidal neovasculari‐zation (mCNV) is the major cause of visual impairment in myopic patients. In the past, photodynamic therapy (PDT) as treatment of mCNV was only able to stabilize visual acuity. A randomiced, multicenter prospective Phase 3 study (RADIANCE) compared photodynamic therapy (PDT) and ranibizumab treatment and showed that immediate treatment of mCNV with a VEGF‐inhibitor (ranibizumab) significantly im‐prove visual acuity. There are suitable treatments of myopia associated pathologies and further studies using other VEGF‐inhibitor agents (Bevacizumab, Aflibercept) are underway.