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Effects of benzalkonium chloride on antigen presenting cells in vitro
Author(s) -
MICHEE S,
ROSTENE W,
BRIGNOLEBAUDOUIN F,
BAUDOUIN C,
LABBE A
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.459.x
Subject(s) - cd86 , benzalkonium chloride , flow cytometry , microbiology and biotechnology , cytokine , chemistry , biology , immunology , t cell , immune system , organic chemistry
Purpose To characterize the phenotype, function and cytokine production of antigen presenting cells (APC) when exposed to the most common preservatives in eye drops, benzalkonium chloride (BAK). Methods APC were obtained from a human leukemia cell line THP‐1. APC were exposed to 4 concentrations of BAK (10‐5%, 5.10‐5%, 10‐4% and 5.10‐4%) and PBS during 24 hours. Cellular toxicity was evaluated with an annexin V‐PE/7‐AAD double‐staining flow cytometry analysis. Phenotype modification was evaluated by flow cytometry through a panel of cluster of differentiation: CD11b, CD11c, CD33, CD45, CD54 and CD86. Phagocytosis function was analyzed using carboxylate‐modified fluorescent microspheres and quantified by flow cytometry. The cytokine production of APC exposed to BAK was measured in supernatants by a human cytokine array. Results BAK had almost no cellular toxicity at concentrations below 5.10‐5%. A dose‐dependent cellular toxicity of BAK was observed from 5.10‐5% to 5.10‐4%. At low concentrations, BAK modified the phenotype of APC with an increased expression of CD11b, CD11c, CD54 and CD86, and a decrease of CD33 and CD45. APC phagocytosis function was also increased when exposed to low concentration of BAK. Cytokines in supernatants of APC exposed to 10‐5% BAK during 24 hours revealed decreased levels of IL‐1β and CXCL10, and increased levels of CD40L, CXCL11, G‐CSF, S‐TREM‐1, IL‐17E, IL‐6, IL‐23, IL‐27 and IFN‐γ. Conclusion The interaction between APC and epithelial conjunctival cells are involved in iatrogenic ocular surface diseases. Low concentrations of BAK could have a stimulating effect on APC, modifying phenotype, function and cytokine production.