Premium
Eye‐derived systemic immune regulation : ACAID
Author(s) -
TAKEUCHI M
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.5422.x
Subject(s) - immunology , antigen , immune system , immune privilege , immune tolerance , biology , antigen presenting cell , medicine , t cell
A form of systemic tolerance is created when antigenic material is placed in the anterior chamber of the eye, an immune privileged site. Termed anterior chamber associated immune deviation (ACAID), this form of tolerance insures that the systemic immune response to eye‐derived antigens is devoid of T cells that mediate delayed hypersensitivity and antibodies that fix complement. ACAID arises when antigen is captured by intraocular antigen presenting cells, then carried to the spleen where a microenvironment is created that activates antigen‐specific T cells to differentiate into regulatory cells that interfere with the induction of delayed hypersensitivity as well as its expression. Several cytokines and neuropeptides, constitutively present in the aqueous humor of the eye, imposes distinctive properties on antigen presenting cells, which play primary roles to the induction of ACAID. In this SIS, I would like to provide up‐to‐date information of what kinds of diseases ACAID can be effective for and whether human monocytes can acquire the specific functions as ACAID‐inducing antigen presenting cells, in addition to molecules, cells, and concepts newly recognized as contributing to tolerance induction induced in ACAID. Evidence is given to support the idea that application of such information may lead to potential for therapeutic applications of ACAID mechanisms in prevention of progression of immune‐inflammatory diseases in humans.