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Refractive and accommodative changes in normal adults, aged 18‐40years
Author(s) -
Tinning S.,
Dreyer V.,
Goldschmidt E.
Publication year - 1985
Publication title -
acta ophthalmologica
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.534
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 1755-3768
pISSN - 1755-375X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1985.tb06851.x
Subject(s) - retinoscopy , refraction , hypermetropia , optometry , subjective refraction , accommodation , astigmatism , amplitude , refractive error , optics , medicine , physics , visual acuity
A longitudinal study of refraction in 182 flight cadets, followed at least ten years, showed some disagreement between the results of initial subjective refraction (fogging method) and the subsequent retinoscopy with repidly acting cycloplegics, the latter revealing the highest degree of hypermetropia. The most prevelent refraction was between +0.5 and +1.0. During the follow‐up period only 7 per cent changed their subjective refraction, and this changes could only be demonstrated between the initial and second examination 3 years later, suggesting that a prior knowledge of the results of objective refraction made it more easily to get acceptance of the entire refraction which seemed unchanged. Only modest astigmatism was found due to the strict visual requirements at the entrance of flight training. The amplitude of accomodation was tested with a pushup‐chart attached to a phoropter. The results were amazingly in agreement with Duane's data from 1912, both with respect to the decline with age and the standard error. In the range from 18 to 40 years the amplitude of acommodation decreases almost linearly. Minor variations should be accredited day‐to‐day deviations or instrument inaccuracies, but the data do not indicate differencies in capacity connected to particular individuals. The development of the amplitude of accommodation beyond the age of 40 cannot be clarified by the present study.