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Embryonic stem‐cell‐preconditioned microenvironment induces loss of cancer cell properties in human melanoma cells
Author(s) -
Kim Myoung Ok,
Kim SungHyun,
Oi Naomi,
Lee Mee Hyun,
Yu Dong Hoon,
Kim Dong Joon,
Cho Eun Jin,
Bode Ann M.,
Cho YongYeon,
Bowden Tim G.,
Dong Zigang
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
pigment cell and melanoma research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.618
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1755-148X
pISSN - 1755-1471
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00891.x
Subject(s) - tumor microenvironment , embryonic stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , cancer cell , cancer research , cell growth , melanoma , reprogramming , cancer stem cell , cancer , biology , chemistry , stem cell , cell , genetics , tumor cells , gene
Summary The cancer microenvironment affects cancer cell proliferation and growth. Embryonic stem (ES)‐preconditioned 3‐dimensional (3‐D) culture of cancer cells induces cancer cell reprogramming and results in a change in cancer cell properties such as differentiation and migration in skin melanoma. However, the mechanism has not yet been clarified. Using the ES‐preconditioned 3‐D microenvironment model, we provide evidence showing that the ES microenvironment inhibits proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth of SK‐MEL‐28 melanoma cells. We also found that the ES microenvironment suppresses telomerase activity and thereby induces senescence in SK‐MEL‐28 cells. Furthermore, we observed that gremlin, an antagonist of BMP4, is secreted from ES cells and plays an important role in cellular senescence. Knocking down gremlin in the ES microenvironment increases proliferation and anchorage‐independent growth of SK‐MEL‐28 melanoma cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that gremlin is a crucial factor responsible for abrogating melanoma properties in the ES‐preconditioned 3‐D microenvironment.