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Improving water use efficiency in grapevines: potential physiological targets for biotechnological improvement
Author(s) -
FLEXAS J.,
GALMÉS J.,
GALLÉ A.,
GULÍAS J.,
POU A.,
RIBASCARBO M.,
TOMÀS M.,
MEDRANO H.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
australian journal of grape and wine research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.65
H-Index - 77
eISSN - 1755-0238
pISSN - 1322-7130
DOI - 10.1111/j.1755-0238.2009.00057.x
Subject(s) - water use efficiency , transpiration , stomatal conductance , photosynthesis , rubisco , carboxylation , agronomy , environmental science , biology , chemistry , botany , biochemistry , catalysis
Improving water use efficiency (WUE) in grapevines is essential for vineyard sustainability under the increasing aridity induced by global climate change. WUE reflects the ratio between the carbon assimilated by photosynthesis and the water lost in transpiration. Maintaining stomata partially closed by regulated deficit irrigation or partial root drying represents an opportunity to increase WUE, although at the expense of decreased photosynthesis and, potentially, decreased yield. It would be even better to achieve increases in WUE by improving photosynthesis without increasing water loses. Although this is not yet possible, it could potentially be achieved by genetic engineering. This review presents current knowledge and relevant results that aim to improve WUE in grapevines by biotechnology and genetic engineering. The expected benefits of these manipulations on WUE of grapevines under water stress conditions are modelled. There are two main possible approaches to achieve this goal: (i) to improve CO 2 diffusion to the sites of carboxylation without increasing stomatal conductance; and (ii) to improve the carboxylation efficiency of Ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). The first goal could be attained by increasing mesophyll conductance to CO 2 , which partly depends on aquaporins. The second approach could be achieved by replacing Rubisco from grapevine with Rubiscos from other C 3 species with higher specificity for CO 2 . In summary, the physiological bases and future prospects for improving grape yield and WUE under drought are established.