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PUMP SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING RUNOFF RECORDS DURING WINTER 1
Author(s) -
Bonta James V
Publication year - 1997
Publication title -
jawra journal of the american water resources association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.957
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1752-1688
pISSN - 1093-474X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1997.tb04121.x
Subject(s) - weir , surface runoff , environmental science , hydrology (agriculture) , ice formation , icing , surface water , meteorology , atmospheric sciences , geology , geotechnical engineering , environmental engineering , geography , ecology , cartography , biology
Freezing winter temperatures can cause icing of outdoor weirs used to measure surface runoff. Ice typically forms in the notch and on the crests of short‐crested V‐notch weirs, causing incorrect gage heights to be measured. A method for reducing the effects of ice formation on weirs and weir pools using a pump is presented and evaluated. Warmer water from the bottom of the weir pool is pumped to the surface, reducing the opportunity for the water surface to freeze. The pump is shown to work except under extremely cold conditions, improving runoff records from 27 percent to 60 percent. The pump system has no practical effect on measured gage height. Frequency distributions of flow rates and air temperatures under measured ice‐free and other weir conditions are presented. Suggestions for use of the pump system under temperature conditions other than those in this study are given.