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RESIDENTIAL WATER CONSERVATION: CASA DEL AGUA 1
Author(s) -
Karpiscak Martin M.,
Foster Kennith E.,
Schmidt Nancy
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
jawra journal of the american water resources association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.957
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1752-1688
pISSN - 1093-474X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01428.x
Subject(s) - environmental science , greywater , rainwater harvesting , blackwater , water quality , reuse , gallon (us) , water conservation , toilet , water use , per capita , environmental engineering , hydrology (agriculture) , irrigation , water resource management , waste management , wastewater , ecology , environmental health , engineering , medicine , population , geotechnical engineering , biology
A single‐family residence in Tucson, Arizona, was retrofitted with water‐conserving fixtures, rainwater harvesting, and graywater reuse systems. During a four‐year study, efficient use of water was shown to significantly decrease demand for domestic water at the house without reducing the residents' quality of life. The use of municipal water was reduced by 66 percent to 148 gallons per day (gpd) and total household use was reduced by 27 percent to 245 gpd. Graywater reuse averaged approximately 77 gpd or 32 percent of the total household water use. Evaporative cooling required about 15 gpd. Water use for toilet flushing was only 9 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) or 14 percent of interior water use.