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PEAKING STORAGE TANKS FOR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 1
Author(s) -
Sabet M. Hossein,
Helweg Otto J.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
jawra journal of the american water resources association
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.957
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1752-1688
pISSN - 1093-474X
DOI - 10.1111/j.1752-1688.1989.tb05420.x
Subject(s) - storage tank , energy storage , water storage , environmental science , energy cost , operational costs , total cost , peak load , dynamic programming , peak demand , computer science , environmental engineering , process engineering , engineering , waste management , automotive engineering , operations research , electrical engineering , electricity , power (physics) , mechanical engineering , architectural engineering , physics , algorithm , quantum mechanics , economics , inlet , microeconomics
Construction of a “peaking storage tank” may reduce the operational cost of municipal water in the availability of a time‐of‐use energy rate. A peaking storage tank is used for storing water that is pumped from wells or other sources of supply during off‐peak periods when energy costs are less for use during periods of on‐peak water demand. The optimal size of a peaking storage tank is that which results in the minimum total cost, which includes both the storage construction cost and the cost of operation of the pumps. The operational cost for a given time‐of‐use rate is determined by help of a pipe network simulation model solved by the Newton‐Raphson technique and a dynamic programming optimization model. A more simplified method is also introduced. Analyses show that low off‐peak energy costs make the construction of peaking storage tanks economically attractive and reduce on‐peak energy use, which results in electrical load leveling.