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Randomization in the Design of Experiments
Author(s) -
Cox D. R.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
international statistical review
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.051
H-Index - 54
eISSN - 1751-5823
pISSN - 0306-7734
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2009.00084.x
Subject(s) - randomization , restricted randomization , statistics , sampling (signal processing) , confidence interval , computer science , mathematics , conditionality , covariance , resampling , relation (database) , econometrics , data mining , clinical trial , medicine , filter (signal processing) , pathology , politics , political science , law , computer vision
Summary A general review is given of the role of randomization in experimental design. Three objectives are distinguished, the avoidance of bias, the establishment of a secure base for the estimation of error in traditional designs, and the provision of formally exact tests of significance and confidence limits. The approximate randomization theory associated with analysis of covariance is outlined and conditionality considerations are used to explain the limited role of randomization in experiments with very small numbers of experimental units. The relation between the so‐called design‐based and model‐based analyses is discussed. Corresponding results in sampling theory are mentioned briefly.