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Low‐Level Laser Therapy and Sodium Diclofenac in Acute Inflammatory Response Induced by Skeletal Muscle Trauma: Effects in Muscle Morphology and m RNA Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers
Author(s) -
Almeida Patrícia,
LopesMartins Rodrigo Álvaro Brandão,
Tomazoni Shaiane Silva,
AlbuquerquePontes Gianna Móes,
Santos Larissa Aline,
Vanin Adriane Aver,
Frigo Lucio,
Vieira Rodolfo P,
Albertini Regiane,
Tarso Camillo de Carvalho Paulo,
LealJunior Ernesto Cesar Pinto
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2012.01232.x
Subject(s) - diclofenac sodium , diclofenac , inflammation , medicine , tumor necrosis factor alpha , low level laser therapy , skeletal muscle , gene expression , pharmacology , anesthesia , chemistry , gene , laser therapy , laser , biochemistry , optics , physics
Pharmacological therapy is widely used in the treatment of muscle injuries. On the other hand, low‐level laser therapy ( LLLT ) arises as a promising nonpharmacological treatment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of sodium diclofenac (topical application) and LLLT on morphological aspects and gene expression of biochemical inflammatory markers. We performed a single trauma in tibialis anterior muscle of rats. After 1 h, animals were treated with sodium diclofenac (11.6 mg g ‐1 of solution) or LLLT (810 nm; continuous mode; 100 mW; 3.57 W cm −2 ; 1, 3 or 9 J; 10, 30 or 90 s). Histological analysis and quantification of gene expression (real‐time polymerase chain reaction— RT ‐ PCR ) of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 ( COX ‐1 and COX ‐2) and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha ( TNF ‐α) were performed at 6, 12 and 24 h after trauma. LLLT with all doses improved morphological aspects of muscle tissue, showing better results than injury and diclofenac groups. All LLLT doses also decreased ( P < 0.05) COX ‐2 compared to injury group at all time points, and to diclofenac group at 24 h after trauma. In addition, LLLT decreased ( P < 0.05) TNF ‐α compared both to injury and diclofenac groups at all time points. LLLT mainly with dose of 9 J is better than topical application of diclofenac in acute inflammation after muscle trauma.