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Epigenetic Alterations in Ultraviolet Radiation‐Induced Skin Carcinogenesis: Interaction of Bioactive Dietary Components on Epigenetic Targets †
Author(s) -
Katiyar Santosh K.,
Singh Tripti,
Prasad Ram,
Sun Qian,
Vaid Mudit
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2011.01020.x
Subject(s) - epigenetics , dna methylation , carcinogenesis , biology , cancer epigenetics , histone , cancer research , histone deacetylase , methyltransferase , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , methylation , dna , histone methyltransferase , gene , gene expression
The importance of epigenetic alterations in the development of various diseases including the cancers has been realized. As epigenetic changes are reversible heritable changes, these can be utilized as an effective strategy for the prevention of cancers. DNA methylation is the most characterized epigenetic mechanism that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. Although limited available data suggest that silencing of tumor suppressor genes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation‐exposed epidermis leads to photocarcinogenesis and is associated with a network of epigenetic modifications including alterations in DNA methylation, DNA methyltransferases and histone acetylations. Various bioactive dietary components have been shown to protect skin from UV radiation‐induced skin tumors in animal models. The role of bioactive dietary components, such as, (−)‐epicatechins from green tea and proanthocyanidins from grape seeds has been assessed in chemoprevention of UV‐induced skin carcinogenesis and underlying epigenetic mechanism in vitro and in vivo animal models. These bioactive components have the ability to block UV‐induced DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications in the skin required for the silencing of tumor suppressor genes ( e.g. Cip1/p21 , p16 INK4a ). This information is of importance for understanding the role of epigenetic modulation in UV‐induced skin tumor and the chemopreventive mechanism of bioactive dietary components.