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Analysis of Pulmonary Microvasculature Changes after Photodynamic Therapy Delivered to Distant Sites
Author(s) -
Tije Albert J.,
Wieman T. Jeffery,
Taber Scott W.,
Tseng Michael T.,
Cerrito Patricia B.,
Jansen Jeroen M.,
Quo Hai Hong,
Fingar Victor H.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb03318.x
Subject(s) - lung , photodynamic therapy , pulmonary edema , toxicity , medicine , edema , in vivo , shock (circulatory) , pathology , microcirculation , diffuse alveolar damage , pharmacology , chemistry , biology , acute respiratory distress , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry
— Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can exert local damage by direct tumor cytotoxicity, by disruption of the microvas‐culature or by a combination of these effects. Although systemic effects after PDT of small tissue areas (< 1% total body surface area) are unlikely, treatment of larger areas may result in an accumulated effect leading to toxicity. Several investigators have described animal death after high dose PDT to tumors on the hind limb of animals and hypothesized that a toxic shock syndrome caused by vasoactive agents released after PDT is responsible. Because one of the most vulnerable organs to toxic shock injury is the lung, we studied the systemic effects of local PDT to this organ by intravital microscopy using a pulmonary window chamber. The PDT treatment conditions (25 mg/kg Photofrin®, 24 h, 150 J/cm 2 630 nm, maximum area 6.28 cm 2 ) were chosen that produce systemic toxicity and lethality in rats. Adhesion of leukocytes in the lung was monitored in vivo using anti‐CD‐13‐labeled microspheres. The progression of pulmonary edema was assessed by monitoring the leakage of rhodamine‐labeled albumin and by wet‐to‐dry lung weight ratios. Although an increased leukocyte adherence was observed and a significant number of animals died after the extensive PDT treatment, no biologically significant lung edema could be demonstrated. These data indicate that lung edema and acute respiratory distress syndrome is not the cause of death in these animals and that the toxicity is related to other mechanisms including circulatory shock after extensive muscle damage.