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THE TRANSFER AND CONVERSION OF ELECTRONIC ENERGY IN SOME ‘MODEL’ PHOTOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS *
Author(s) -
Pitts J. N.,
Hess L. D.,
Baum E. J.,
Schuck E. A.,
Wan J. K. S.,
Leermakers P. A.,
Vesley G.
Publication year - 1965
Publication title -
photochemistry and photobiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.818
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1751-1097
pISSN - 0031-8655
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1965.tb09745.x
Subject(s) - chemistry , photochemistry , intramolecular force , chromophore , quantum yield , intermolecular force , absorption spectroscopy , ring (chemistry) , photodissociation , radical , aryl , flash photolysis , molecule , alkyl , organic chemistry , reaction rate constant , kinetics , fluorescence , physics , quantum mechanics
— Recent studies of the effects of molecular structure and reaction environment on the mechanism of primary photochemical processes involving transfer and conversion of electronic energy in relatively ‘simple’ organic molecules are presented and discussed. A quantitative i.r. spectroscopic method for studying intramolecular and intermolecular photoprocesses of u.v. irradiated substrates dispersed in solid alkali halide matrices at room temperature is described. Current data for the substrates ortho ‐nitrobenzaldehyde, anthracene and benzophenonebenzhydrol are presented. A series of ‘model’ ketones containing cyclopropyl groups have been synthesized and while their absorption spectra are similar, the efficiency of vapor‐phase photodissociation into radicals is shown to be strongly dependent on molecular structure. Butyrophenone and a series of ring substituted derivatives have been photolyzed in the liquid phase using the quantum yield of the photoelimination of ethylene (Type II split) as a “probe” to determine the effect of substituents on the internal H atom abstracting power of the excited carbonyl chromophore. Φc 2 H 4 is very sensitive to ring substitution, dropping from 0.24 in butyrophenone to 0.20, 0.058 and 0.00 in the p ‐CH 3 , p ‐OCH 3 and p ‐NH 2 derivatives respectively, and to 0.00 in both ortho and para hydroxy derivatives. This effect is correlated with their absorption spectra in terms of the lowest states of these alkyl aryl ketones being 3 ( π, π* ) rather than 3 (π, π*) in character. While several ‘classic’ photochemical reactions, unimolecular and bimolecular, proceed efficiently in solid KBr matrices giving the same product as in liquid systems, the ‘model’ cyclopropyl compounds and the alkyl aryl ketones did not undergo their usual intramolecular processes. Implications of this molecular environment effect are pointed out.