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TOXICITY OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA
Author(s) -
Jones R. J.,
Blunt C. G.,
Nurnberg B. I.
Publication year - 1978
Publication title -
australian veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.382
H-Index - 59
eISSN - 1751-0813
pISSN - 0005-0423
DOI - 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1978.tb02510.x
Subject(s) - leucaena , leucaena leucocephala , hay , zoology , toxicity , weight gain , mimosine , biology , environmental management system , fodder , appetite , body weight , medicine , endocrinology , agronomy , irrigation
SUMMARY Steers fed a sole diet of Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru (leucaena), rapidly developed a hypothyroid condition. Total serum thyroxine (T 4 ) levels declined from c 120 n mol litre ‐1 to 13 n mol litre ‐1 within six weeks of full leucaena feeding. Associated with the hypothyroidism was a decline in feed intake, poor weight gain, hair loss, excessive salivation and the development of lesions on the oesophagus of some animals. Light steers (119 kg) were more severely affected than heavy steers (220 kg) and two light steers died. During the eight week period of full leucaena feeding animals gained only 0.18 kg head ‐1 day ‐1 compared with 0.73 kg head ‐1 day ‐1 for steers fed cowpea (Vigna sinensis) hay. Supplementation with minerals (Fe, Cu, Zn) significantly increased mean daily intake (85.4 v 68.9 g/kg 0.75 ), daily liveweight gain, (334 v 14 g), and serum T 3 resin uptake (42.5 v 39.6%); decreased hair loss and skin lesions but did not alleviate the low serum T 4 levels. lodine supplementation did not affect intake, bodyweight gain, serum T 4 levels, serum T 3 uptake or toxicity scores compared with unsupplemented leucaena fed steers. When the leucaena fed animals were subsequently fed cowpea hay, appetite improved and the serum T 4 levels returned to normal within two weeks. For the heavy steers over this period, weight gain was similar to the controls; however, the light steers continued to gain poorly.