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True Density and Apparent Density During the Drying Process for Vegetables and Fruits: A Review
Author(s) -
RodríguezRamírez J.,
MéndezLagunas L.,
LópezOrtiz A.,
Torres S. Sandoval
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
journal of food science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.772
H-Index - 150
eISSN - 1750-3841
pISSN - 0022-1147
DOI - 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02990.x
Subject(s) - chemistry , water content , bulk density , thermodynamics , process (computing) , food science , soil science , physics , environmental science , computer science , operating system , geotechnical engineering , engineering , soil water
This review presents the concepts involved in determining the density of foodstuffs, and summarizes the volumetric determination techniques used to calculate true density and apparent density in foodstuffs exposed to the drying process. The behavior of density with respect to moisture content ( X ) and drying temperature ( T ) is presented and explained with a basis in changes in structure, conformation, chemical composition, and second‐order phase changes that occur in the processes of mass and heat transport, as reported to date in the literature. A review of the empirical and theoretical equations that represent density is presented, and their application in foodstuffs is discussed. This review also addresses cases with nonideal density behavior, including variations in ρ s and ρ w as a function of the inside temperature of the material, depending on drying conditions ( X , T ). A compilation of studies regarding the density of dehydrated foodstuffs is also presented.