Open AccessION EXCHANGE SYSTEMS FOR WATER RECIRCULATION
Author(s) -
Liao Paul B.,
Kramer S. S. Lin
Publication year - 1981
Publication title -
journal of the world mariculture society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.655
H-Index - 60
eISSN - 1749-7345
pISSN - 0735-0147
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-7345.1981.tb00240.x
Subject(s) - gallon (us) , environmental science , pilot plant , fish <actinopterygii> , reuse , ion exchange , heat exchanger , waste management , environmental engineering , engineering , chemistry , fishery , mechanical engineering , ion , organic chemistry , biology
Since the Bozeman Study in 1972, several pilot plants have been investigated to evaluate the application of the ion exchange systems for water recirculation in fish hatcheries. Pioneering work was made at the biological research laboratory of Kramer, Chin and Mayo, Inc., followed by a pilot plant testing at the Oregon Aqua Fish Hatchery in Newport, Oregon. In 1976, two 50‐gallon per minute capacity ion exchange bed systems were installed and tested at Dworshak National Fish Hatchery in Orofino, Idaho. Recently, water reuse is accomplished by pumping approximately 120 gallons per minute from the raceway and filtering it through the pressure sand filter and the clinoptilolite filters for the removal of ammonia in the Seattle Aquarium. The paper will discuss the physical and chemical properties of ion exchange materials, pilot plant test results, engineering design criteria and application, and economics as compared to conventional biological ammonia removal systems. In addition, discussion will also be made in the area of pretreatment prior to ion exchange bed and regeneration as well as operational procedure adjustment. Further works needed to be conducted to provide optimum operating conditions will be discussed.