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Cardiovascular defense challenges at the basic, clinical, and population levels
Author(s) -
Kovacic Jason C.,
Castellano Jose M.,
Fuster Valentin
Publication year - 2012
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06495.x
Subject(s) - scope (computer science) , disease , urbanization , population , obesity , global health , development economics , face (sociological concept) , low and middle income countries , medicine , environmental health , economic growth , political science , business , developing country , public health , economics , computer science , pathology , sociology , social science , programming language
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Particularly in low and middle income countries, rapid urbanization and secondary factors, such as increasing obesity, poor diet, and lack of exercise, have combined to propel CVD into this position. Given the enormous scope of this problem and the complex cultural, societal, and political issues that are involved, an equally sophisticated and multipronged approach is required to combat CVD at the global level. In this review, we outline the basic, clinical, and population level challenges that we face in defending ourselves against this disease.