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Strategies to improve embryo implantation to supraphysiological rates
Author(s) -
Setti Paolo Emanuele Levi,
Bulletti Carlo
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.05950.x
Subject(s) - fertility , gamete , embryo donation , sperm bank , donation , assisted reproductive technology , cryopreservation , oocyte donation , embryo , sperm , biology , gynecology , andrology , pregnancy , medicine , oocyte , economics , infertility , economic growth , environmental health , population , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics
The implantation rate is reduced in the human species and a great number of embryos present developmental anomalies. The past, present, and future of artificial reproductive technology (ART) strategies to improve the chances of implantation are discussed, in addition to the social, clinical, and epidemiological aspects of a progressively lower human fertility potential. The increasing age of couples looking to become pregnant for the first time, and the general tendency of deferring motherhood, are aspects that only a long‐term social policy can address. A general proposal for oocyte and sperm cryopreservation is discussed as an option to reduce the impact of age and the possible risks of unethical use of gamete donation. Investing in gamete banking resources may be a unique option for the future.