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Genetics in neuroendocrine immunology: implications for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
Author(s) -
Stark Klaus,
Straub Rainer H.,
Blažičková Stanislava,
Hengstenberg Christian,
Rovenský Jozef
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05288.x
Subject(s) - genome wide association study , ptpn22 , genetic association , candidate gene , rheumatoid arthritis , biology , genetics , single nucleotide polymorphism , gene , immunology , medicine , genotype
Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as osteoarthritis (OA). For RA, most of the known genetic markers are linked with genes from immunological pathways. Recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) on RA identified known and novel susceptibility genes like HLA‐DRB1 , PTPN22 , STAT4 , TRAF1/C5 , OLIG3/TNFAIP3 , CD40 , CCL21 , MMEL1 ‐ TNFRSF14 , CDK6 , PRKCQ , IL2RB, and KIF5A ‐ PIP4K2C . These association signals explain more than 50% of the genetic influence on RA. In contrast, less GWAS data for OA exist. Most OA susceptibility genes arose from classical candidate gene analyses and were not replicated in all study samples. Neuroendocrine factors are hypothesized to play an important role both in RA and OA etiology. Here, we discuss these findings and present an outlook for genetic association studies after GWAS.