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Antioxidant and Apoptotic Effects of Korean White Ginseng Extracted with the Same Ratio of Protopanaxadiol and Protopanaxatriol Saponins in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells
Author(s) -
Lee Myoungsook,
Sorn Sungbin,
Baek Seungyong,
Jang Soojung,
Kim Sungsoo
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04918.x
Subject(s) - protopanaxadiol , ginseng , ginsenoside , malondialdehyde , antioxidant , chemistry , oxidative stress , superoxide dismutase , pharmacology , glutathione peroxidase , catalase , apoptosis , american ginseng , traditional medicine , biochemistry , medicine , alternative medicine , pathology
To investigate the antioxidative effects of ginsenosides [protopanaxadiol derivatives (PD):protopanaxatriol derivatives (PT) = 1:1] from the roots of Korean ginseng, cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, antioxidant enzyme activities, and expressions of apoptosis were analyzed after pretreatment of human hepatoma HepG2 cells with H 2 O 2 . Cell death was increased through H 2 O 2 treatment dose dependently, and a dose of ginseng extract (PD:PT = 1:1) of 18.6 μg/mL was enough to derive it in reverse. MDA production was reduced through the administration of ginseng extracts even with more intensive H 2 O 2 treatments. Through the use of even low levels of ginseng extract (e.g., 1.86 μg/mL), catalase (CAT) activity was easily reduced from the plateau induced by H 2 O 2 . The glutathione peroxidase activity was no better than that of CAT. We assume that ginseng extract acts as an antioxidant even when effective levels of ginseng differ. A ginseng extract dose of 18.6 μg/mL increased the apoptotic expression of oxidative stressed signals, such as c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase and stress‐activated protein kinase expressions, and mitochondrial cytochrome c released caspase‐3 activation; however, these expressions changed with higher doses of ginseng.