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In Vitro Evaluation of VIP/PACAP Receptors in Healthy and Diseased Human Tissues: Clinical Implications
Author(s) -
REUBI JEAN CLAUDE
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06946.x
Subject(s) - receptor , vasoactive intestinal peptide , prostate , pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide , biology , endocrinology , pancreas , medicine , pathology , cancer research , neuropeptide , cancer
A bstract : The evaluation of peptide receptors in man is relevant to identifying the physiological target tissues of a given peptide and to selecting diseases with a sufficient receptor overexpression for diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. VIP/PACAP receptors have been evaluated in normal and diseased human non‐neuronal tissues by using in vitro receptor autoradiography with 125 I‐VIP or 125 I‐PACAP in tissue sections. As assessed by subtype‐selective VIP analogs, VIP receptors of the VPAC 1 subtype are found in a wide variety of tissues including liver, breast, kidney, prostate, ureter, bladder, pancreatic ducts, gastrointestinal mucosa, lung, thyroid, adipose, and lymphoid tissues. VPAC 2 receptors are predominantly found in vessels and smooth muscles, whereas PAC 1 receptors are present in the adrenal medulla. VIP/PACAP receptors are expressed in the majority of the most frequently occurring human tumors, including breast, prostate, pancreas, lung, colon, stomach, liver, and bladder carcinomas, as well as lymphomas and meningiomas, predominantly as VPAC 1 receptors, as do their tissues of origin. Although leiomyomas predominantly express VPAC 2 receptors, glial tumors, pituitary adenomas, neuroblastomas, paragangliomas, pheochromocytomas, and endometrial carcinomas preferentially express PAC 1 receptors. The very wide distribution of VIP/PACAP receptors in the normal human body is indicative of the key role of these peptides in human physiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, the receptor expression in tumors is the molecular basis for clinical applications of VIP/PACAP such as in vivo scintigraphy and radiotherapy of tumors as well as VIP/PACAP analog treatment for tumor growth inhibition.