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Kinetics and Mechanisms of Gas Hydrate Formation and Dissociation with Inhibitors
Author(s) -
MAKOGON Y. F.,
MAKOGON T. Y.,
HOLDITCH S. A.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06833.x
Subject(s) - hydrate , chemistry , clathrate hydrate , dissociation (chemistry) , kinetics , kinetic energy , seawater , methanol , thermodynamics , chemical engineering , organic chemistry , geology , physics , oceanography , quantum mechanics , engineering
A bstract : A common chemical used in petroleum industry for preventing hydrates is methanol. Other alcohols and glycols (thermodynamic inhibitors) can also be used to shift hydrate formation to lower temperatures and higher pressures. A new family of chemicals called kinetic inhibitors delays the formation of hydrates, but does not change the equilibrium formation conditions. We have constructed several new types of apparatus and present results on the kinetics of hydrate formation and dissociation in static and dynamic conditions with fresh water and different solutions of water, seawater, and with thermodynamic and kinetic inhibitors. We also present new morphological forms of hydrate crystal growth in different static and dynamic conditions.