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Modulation of MAO Activity by Imidazoline and Guanidine Derivatives
Author(s) -
RAASCH W.,
MUHLE H.,
DOMINIAK P.
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09376.x
Subject(s) - imidazoline receptor , agmatine , chemistry , monoamine oxidase , pargyline , idazoxan , allosteric regulation , pharmacology , allosteric modulator , stereochemistry , medicine , biochemistry , receptor , enzyme , antagonist , putrescine , biology , prazosin
I 2 ‐binding sites (I 2 ‐BS) are attributed to be a regulative site on monoamine oxidase (MAO). The in vivo and in vitro effects of various imidazoline and guanidine derivatives on MAO activity and on mitochondrial respiration were studied. Substances with high affinity for I 2 ‐BS (antazoline, idazoxan, and cirazoline: IC 50 = 20.3, 33.8, and 43.4 μM ) had a stronger inhibitory effect on MAO activity than did I 1 ‐ligands (efaroxan, rilmenidine, clonidine, and moxonidine: IC 50 = 277, 801, 1,224, and >10,000 μM ). Substances with the highest inhibitory effects were BDF8082 ( IC 50 = 1.7 μM ) and 2‐(2‐benzofuranyl)‐2‐imidazoline ( BFI; IC 50 = 4.0 μM ). The enzyme is inhibited noncompetitively and is reversible, because its activity is completely or partially restored after dialysis. Agmatine, the putative endogenous ligand for IBS, also decreased MAO activity ( IC 50 = 168 μM ), whereas its precursor, l‐arginine, and its metabolite, putrescine, had no effects. In vitro inhibition of MAO and mitochondrial respiration by the IBS‐ligands tested could not be correlated, suggesting no link between the function of the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane. MAO activity in vivo was significantly reduced only by pargyline (−95%), BDF8082 (−68%), BFI (−43%), and 1‐(m‐chlorophenyl)‐biguanide (−28%). Catecholamine content of livers obtained from animals treated with different IBS‐ligands was consequently increased. In conclusion, the strong inhibitory effects of I 2 selective imidazoline ligands confirm the existence of I 2 ‐BS as a regulatory site on MAO.