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Transcriptional Control of the Galanin Gene: Tissue‐Specific Expression and Induction by NGF, Protein Kinase C, and Estrogen a
Author(s) -
RÖKAEUS ÅKE,
JIANG KAI,
SPYROU GIANNIS,
WASCHEK JAMES A.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10679.x
Subject(s) - galanin , biology , enhancer , reporter gene , neuropeptide , gene expression , regulation of gene expression , neuropeptide y receptor , protein kinase a , nerve growth factor , gene , microbiology and biotechnology , kinase , receptor , genetics
A bstract : Galanin is a neuropeptide widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system where it acts as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator and possibly an immunoregulator and growth factor. Galanin gene expression is highly regulated during development and by certain hormones and injury situations. We have examined transcriptional control mechanisms for this gene using chimeric bovine galanin/luciferase reporter genes. These were analyzed in cultured cells and in transgenic mice. The studies reveal that enhancer and silencer sequences are involved in conferring cell‐ and tissue‐specific expression, and that specific elements close to the promoter are responsible for nerve growth factor and protein kinase C induction. So far, the studies have not revealed sequences on the bovine gene that mediate the action of estrogen.