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Cytokine Expression and Molecular Mechanisms of Their Auto/Paracrine Regulation of Anterior Pituitary Function and Growth
Author(s) -
ARZT E.,
PEREDA M. PÁEZ,
COSTAS M.,
SAUER J.,
RENNER U.,
HOLSBOER F.,
STALLA G. K.
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
annals of the new york academy of sciences
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.712
H-Index - 248
eISSN - 1749-6632
pISSN - 0077-8923
DOI - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09591.x
Subject(s) - paracrine signalling , autocrine signalling , anterior pituitary , endocrinology , medicine , glucocorticoid receptor , cytokine , receptor , biology , pituitary gland , glucocorticoid , chemistry , microbiology and biotechnology , hormone
A bstract : The pituitary gland expresses cytokines and their receptors. IL‐2 receptor transcripts and protein products are co‐localized in ACTH‐, PRL‐, and GH‐producing cells (double immunofluorescence). IL‐2 and IL‐6 (1‐1000 IU/ml) are involved in the autocrine/paracrine regulation of normal and tumor (GH 3 mammosomatotroph cell line and adenoma cell cultures) anterior pituitary hormone‐producing cell growth (cell number, DNA synthesis, c‐ fos mRNA expression and autoradiography combined with hormone staining). IL‐1 regulates the growth of normal pituitary cells but does not act on GH 3 cells. IL‐1ra, which blocks this action, is expressed in tumoral pituitary (mainly GH‐ and ACTH‐) cells. In ACTH‐ cells, IL‐1 enhances glucocorticoid feedback, stimulating glucocorticoid response element transcriptional activity. Cytokines, through specific functional receptors, act as inter/auto‐cellular factors that regulate not only the function but also the growth of anterior pituitary cells.