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Trends in integrated pest management strategies for the control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) caterpillars on chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.)
Author(s) -
WAKIL Waqas,
ASHFAQ Muhammad,
KWON Yong Jung,
GHAZANFAR M. U.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
entomological research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.421
H-Index - 20
eISSN - 1748-5967
pISSN - 1738-2297
DOI - 10.1111/j.1748-5967.2008.00198.x
Subject(s) - helicoverpa armigera , infestation , biology , integrated pest management , cultural control , toxicology , agronomy , pest control , point of delivery , pest analysis , population , helicoverpa , biological pest control , microbiology and biotechnology , larva , horticulture , botany , demography , sociology
A study was carried out at the University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan to integrate different control measures against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) on chickpea, to minimize the use of hazardous insecticides and develop an eco‐friendly management program. Cultural (weeding), mechanical (hand picking), biological (release of Trichogramma chilonis ), microbial (spraying of Bacillus thruingiensis ) and chemical (Steward) control practices were applied three times at 10 day intervals individually and also in various combinations. The application of Steward proved most effective when applied alone, with 0.41 larvae/plant, pod infestation of 9.31% and the highest grain yield (1203.66 g/plot); however, the integration of weeding, hand picking and Steward proved to be the most effective in reducing the larval population (0.12 larvae/plant) with minimum pod infestation (5.45%) on variety CM‐2000, which resulted in the maximum grain yield (1260.33 g/plot). The cost–benefit ratio in the treatment where Steward was applied alone was 1:2.20, and it was 1:3.53 where weeding and hand picking practices were integrated.